Complex Carbohydrates

#review

Polysaccharides

Repeating subunits of monomer monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds bonds

Major Polysaccharide Carbohydrates

Glycogen

Glucose is stored as glycogen in the livers for storage
Highly branched -- enzymes can readily process the sugars for energy

Bonds:

$α - 1, 4$ -glycosidic bond --- unbranched bonds
$α - 1, 6$ -glycosidic bond --- branched bonds

Structure:

650

⚠ Switch to EXCALIDRAW VIEW in the MORE OPTIONS menu of this document. ⚠ You can decompress Drawing data with the command palette: 'Decompress current Excalidraw file'. For more info check in plugin settings under 'Saving'

Excalidraw Data

Text Elements

O
O
O
O
O
Glycogen Branching Example

Starch

Glucose is stored as starch in plants

Amylose

Unbranched - Linear "Line"
$α - 1, 4$ -glycosidic bond

Amylopectin

Branched molecule (less so than glycogen)
Both $α - 1, 3$ -glycosidic bond and $α - 1, 6$ -glycosidic bond

Cellulose

Glucose is used for cell walls as cellulose
This is a straight-chained molecule (unbranched like amylose)
The hydrogen bonds because of the hydroxyl functional groups between the chains provides strength for the chain
Made of $β - 1, 4$ -glycosidic bonds

650 Excalidraw Data

Text Elements

Cellulose Structure (beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds)
O
O

Chitin

Glucose-like monomers bonded to form a strong net-like structure found on tough skin of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and animals.