2026-02-16 03:37

Status: #new

Tags: #chemistry #cram #atoms

Metallic and Covalent Bonds

Metallic Bonds

• An alloy is a uniform mixture of two or more metals (homogeneous)
  • Heterogenous (non uniform mixture)
• Metal cations in metallic bonds form a sea of positive electrons
  • Metals are attracted to this attraction force from this "sea"

Covalent Bonding

• Pure Covalent Bond ($\mathrm{\Delta }EN=0$)
  • Two atoms of the same element sharing electrons equally in a pure covalent bond
  • Known as a diatomic element
• Diatomic elements
  • ${\mathrm{H}}_2,O_2,N_2,F_2,C{l}_2,B{r}_2,I_2$
• Subscript rules
  • Metal elements do not need a subscript (they form metallic lattices)
  • Noble gasses do not have subscripts (implied due to full valence)
• Unique pure formulas
  • $\mathrm{C}$ (no subscript as there are many possible pure carbons)
  • ${\mathrm{P}}_4$
  • ${\mathrm{S}}_8$
• Note $\mathrm{\Delta }EN=0$ only implies for the same element.
  • Electron negativity is a rough estimate, so only assume they are the same when of the same element

Polarity

• A uneven distribution of charges

Steps to determine polarity

References

1.3 Atomic Properties
1.4 Electron Properties
1.6 VSEPR
1.7 Intramolecular and Intermolecular Force (IMF)